February 2025 edition

Market Navigator

February 4, 2025

This monthly publication provides regular and timely economic and investment strategy views.

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Visual Description: The video opens with the Truist logo on a dark purple background and transitions to a man with salt and pepper hair and a black jacket speaking to the camera.

Keith Lerner: Hello, this is Keith Lerner.

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Text on Screen: Keith Lerner, CMT. Co-Chief Investment Officer, Chief Market Strategist.  Truist Advisory Services, Inc.

Keith Lerner: Thanks for tuning in. Before we dive in, here are the key takeaway from this month's insights.

Keith Lerner: Despite recent disruptions, the markets primary uptrend remains in place. Staying anchored will have added important in this backdrop of heightened news flow. Our current investment

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Text on Screen: Investing in gold and other commodities is speculative and involves a high degree of risk and is not suitable for all investors.  You could lose all or a substantial portion of your investment. Alternative strategies are not suitable for all investors. Many alternative strategies use sophisticated and aggressive techniques. Certain alternative strategies may be tied to hard assets such as commodities, currencies and real estate and may be subject to greater volatility as they may be affected by overall market movements, changes in interest rates of factors affecting a particular or currency and international economic, political and regulatory developments.

Keith Lerner: outlook still favors U.S. large caps, midcaps and diversification with high quality bonds, gold and alternatives.

Visual Description: A graphic that reads “The carousel of concerns.” appears on the screen before transitioning back to Mr Lerner.

Text on Screen: The carousel of concerns

Keith Lerner: Now let's break it down. A few years ago, we coined the term the Carousel of Concerns. It describes a rotating cycle of concerns that can dominate headlines.

Keith Lerner:  One fades and another takes its place. Right now, the focus is on tariffs or the carousel of tariffs. While these developments may seem chaotic, it's important to see them in context and avoid being swept away by every new headline.

Keith Lerner: The administration is looking to use tariffs to remedy perceived unfair trade practices as a source of revenue, and as a negotiation tool. It's too early to know how effective the use or the threats of terrorists will be.

Keith Lerner: It means the administration's objectives, but they will almost surely continue to inject sharp swings in the market.

Visual Description: A graphic appears on the screen reading: “The bigger picture.”

Text On Screen: The Bigger Picture

Visual Description: The video transitions back to Mr Lerner speaking to the camera.

Keith Lerner: Here's the bigger picture. What we are seeing this year largely aligns with our 2025 bull in a China shop outlook.

Keith Lerner: That is, the primary market uptrend remains intact, but the latest tariff developments underscore the potential for disruptions and broken pieces that we expected to be part of the investment narrative this year.

Keith Lerner: Given wider policy outcomes, we are likely to see more frequent and deeper pullbacks, which will likely raise investor anxiety levels but should also provide tactical opportunities.

Visual Description: A graphic that reads “Our investment outlook.” Appears on the screen reading before transitioning back to Mr Lerner.

Text on Screen: Our investment outlook

Keith Lerner: It's easy for investors to feel whipsawed with an urge to react to each new headline. Importantly, despite these headlines so far, markets have been resilient. 2024 saw strong gains and the gains have carried over into this year.

Keith Lerner: We are seeing a more balanced market with ten of the 11 U.S. sectors in positive territory, and global markets are participating as well. Our team's core view is the US economy should remain resilient and grow near 2.5% this year.

Keith Lerner: The US economy's adaptability should not be underestimated, as our companies have been battle tested and proven fiercely resilient through a once in a generation pandemic, the highest inflation since the 1970s and the most aggressive Federal Reserve rate hiking cycle in decades.

Keith Lerner: From a stock market perspective, rising early estimates remain a key pillar of market gains. Indeed, while investors' views have vacillated over recent years, the path of corporate profits has been remarkably resilient. Corporate America continues to deliver, and during the current quarterly reporting season, almost 80% of companies are exceeding

Visual Description: A graphic appears on the screen reading: “Key factors to watch.”

The video transitions back to Mr Lerner speaking to the camera

Text on Screen: Key Factors to Watch

Keith Lerner:  consensus expectations. Among the key factors we are watching that could shift our view is if we see economic data or earnings trends weaken, or a sharp rise in interest rates and inflation, which could suggest  something more problematic.

Keith Lerner: So far, these trends remain relatively stable. Our philosophy is simple. Stay focused on the primary trend while following the way of the evidence and keeping an open mind. In summary, while disruptions like tariffs and geopolitical uncertainty can feel  unsettling, the US economy and markets have consistently proven resilient.

Keith Lerner: So far, what we are seeing in markets is very much consistent with our bull in a China shop outlook. For a deeper dive, please review our most recently published Market Navigator and reach out to your Truist advisor with any questions.

Keith Lerner: As always, we will continue to follow the weight of the evidence and keep you informed as our views evolve.

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Asset classes are represented by the following indexes. An investment cannot be made directly into an index. S&P 500 Index is comprised of 500 widely-held securities considered to be representative of the stock market in general. The S&P index(es) and associated data are a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, its affiliates and/or their licensors and has been licensed for use by Truist. © 2025 S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, its affiliates and/or their licensors. All rights reserved. Redistribution or reproduction in whole or in part are prohibited without written permission of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC. S&P® is a registered trademark of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC (“SPFS”) and Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”). Neither S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, SPFS, Dow Jones, their affiliates nor their licensors (“S&P DJI”) make any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the ability of any index to accurately represent the asset class or market sector that it purports to represent and S&P DJI shall have no liability for any errors, omissions, or interruptions of any index or the data included therein. Equity is represented by the MSCI ACWI captures large and mid cap representation across 23 Developed Markets (DM) and 24 Emerging Markets (EM) countries*. With 2,897 constituents, the index covers approximately 85% of the global investable equity opportunity set Fixed Income is represented by the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Index. The index measures the performance of the U.S. investment grade bond market. The index invests in a wide spectrum of public, investment-grade, taxable, fixed income securities in the United States – including government, corporate, and international dollar-denominated bonds, as well as mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, all with maturities of more than 1 year.

Commodities are represented by the Bloomberg Commodity Index which is a composition of futures contracts on physical commodities. It currently includes a diversified mix of commodities in five sectors including energy, agriculture, industrial metals, precious metals and livestock. The weightings of the commodities are calculated in accordance with rules that ensure that the relative proportion of each of the underlying individual commodities reflects its global economic significance and market liquidity.

Cash is represented by the ICE BofA U.S. Treasury Bill 3 Month Index which is a subset of the ICE BofA 0-1 Year U.S. Treasury Index including all securities with a remaining term to final maturity less than 3 months.

U.S. Large Cap Equity is represented by the S&P 500 Index which is an unmanaged index comprised of 500 widely-held securities considered to be representative of the stock market in general.

U.S. Mid Cap is represented by the S&P MidCap 400® provides investors with a benchmark for mid-sized companies. The index, which is distinct from the large-cap S&P 500®, measures the performance of mid-sized companies, reflecting the distinctive risk and return characteristics of this market segment.

U.S. Small Cap Core Equity is represented by the S&P 600 Small Cap Indexwhich is a measure of the performance of the small-cap segment of the U.S. equity universe

International Developed Markets is represented by the MSCI EAFE Index is an equity index which captures large and mid cap representation across 21 Developed Markets countries* around the world, excluding the U.S. and Canada. With 799 constituents, the index covers approximately 85% of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in each country.

 Emerging Markets is represented by the MSCI Emerging Markets Index captures large and mid cap representation across 24 Emerging Markets (EM) countries*. With 1,386 constituents, the index covers approximately 85% of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in each country.

Value is represented by the S&P 500 Value Index which is a subset of stocks in the S&P 500 that have the properties of value stocks. Growth is represented by the S&P 500 Growth Index which is a subset of stocks in the S&P 500 that have the properties of growth stocks.

U.S. Government Bonds are represented by the Bloomberg U.S. Government Index which is an unmanaged index comprised of all publicly issued, non-convertible domestic debt of the U.S. government or any agency thereof, or any quasi-federal corporation and of corporate debt guaranteed by the U.S. government.

U.S. Mortgage-Backed Securities are represented by the Bloomberg U.S. Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS) Index which covers agency mortgage-backed pass-through securities (both fixed-rate and hybrid ARM) issued by Ginnie Mae (GNMA), Fannie Mae (FNMA), and Freddie Mac (FHLMC).

U.S. Investment Grade Corporate Bonds are represented by the Bloomberg U.S. Corporate Investment Grade Index which is an unmanaged index consisting of publicly issued U.S. Corporate and specified foreign debentures and secured notes that are rated investment grade (Baa3/BBB-or higher) by at least two ratings agencies, have at least one year to final maturity and have at least $250 million par amount outstanding.

U.S. High Yield Corp is represented by the ICE BofA U.S. High Yield Index tracks the performance of below investment grade, but not in default, U.S. dollar denominated corporate bonds publicly issued in the U.S. domestic market, and includes issues with a credit rating of BBB or below, as rated by Moody’s and S&P.

Floating Rate Bank Loans are represented by the Morningstar LSTA Leveraged Loan 100 Index. The index represents tradable, senior-secured, U.S.-dollar-denominated non-investment-grade loans.

Global Equity is represented by the MSCI All World Country (ACWI) Index which is defined as a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index that is designed to measure the equity market performance of developed and emerging markets. The MSCI ACWI Index consists of 48 country indices comprising 24 developed markets countries and 24 emerging markets countries.

Emerging Markets Equity is represented by the MSCI EM Index which is defined as a free float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure equity market performance of emerging markets countries

Intermediate Term Municipal Bonds are represented by the Bloomberg Municipal Bond Blend 1-15 Year (1-17 Yr) is an unmanaged index of municipal bonds with a minimum credit rating of at least Baa, issued as part of a deal of at least $50 million, that have a maturity value of at least $5 million and a maturity range of 12 to 17 years.

U.S. Core Taxable Bonds are represented by the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index is a broad-based flagship benchmark that measures the investment grade, U.S. dollar-denominated, fixed-rate taxable bond market. The index includes Treasuries, government-related and corporate securities, MBS (agency fixed-rate and hybrid ARM pass-throughs), ABS and CMBS (agency and non-agency).

EU Corporate is represented by the Bloomberg Euro-Aggregate Corporates Index which is a benchmark that measures the corporate component of the Euro Aggregate Index and includes investment grade, euro-denominated, fixed-rate securities.

EM hard currency bonds are represented by the Bloomberg EM USD Aggregate – Sovereign Index, which is a subset of the Bloomberg Emerging Markets Hard Currency Aggregate Index, a flagship hard currency Emerging Markets debt benchmark that includes USD-denominated debt from sovereign, quasi-sovereign, and corporate EM issuers.

International developed markets bonds unhedged are represented by the ICE BofA Global Government ex U.S. Index which tracks the performance of publicly issued investment grade sovereign debt denominated in the issuer's own domestic currency excluding all securities denominated in U.S. dollars.

In order to qualify for inclusion in the Index, a country (i) must be a member of the FX-G10 or Western Europe; (ii) must have an investment grade rating.

U.S. preferred securities are represented by the ICE BofA Preferred Stock Fixed Rate Index which tracks the performance of fixed rate US dollar-denominated preferred securities issued in the US domestic market.

U.S. TIPS are represented by the ICE BofA U.S. Treasury Inflation Linked Index which is an unmanaged index comprised of US Treasury Inflation

Protected Securities with at least $1 billion in outstanding face value and a remaining term to final maturity of greater than one year.

High yield municipal bonds are represented by the Bloomberg HY Municipal Bond Index which is an unmanaged index made up of bonds that are non-investment grade, unrated, or rated below with a remaining maturity of at least one year.

S&P 500 Information Technology Index – a capitalization-weighted index that is composed of those companies included in the S&P 500 that are classified as members of the information technology sector based on GICS® classification.

S&P 500 Financials Index – a capitalization-weighted index that is composed of those companies included in the S&P 500 that are classified as members of the financials sector based on GICS® classification.

S&P 500 Energy Index – a capitalization-weighted index that is composed of those companies included in the S&P 500 that are classified as members of the energy sector based on GICS® classification.

S&P 500 Materials Index – a capitalization-weighted index that is composed of those companies included in the S&P 500 that are classified as members of the materials sector based on GICS® classification.

S&P 500 Industrials Index – a capitalization-weighted index that is composed of those companies included in the S&P 500 that are classified as members of the industrials sector based on GICS® classification.

S&P 500 Consumer Discretionary Index – a capitalization-weighted index that is composed of those companies included in the S&P 500 that are classified as members of the consumer discretionary sector based on GICS® classification.

S&P 500 Communication Services Index – a capitalization-weighted index that is composed of those companies included in the S&P 500 that are classified as members of the communication services sector based on GICS® classification.

S&P 500 Utilities Index – a capitalization-weighted index that is composed of those companies included in the S&P 500 that are classified as members of the utilities sector based on GICS® classification.

S&P 500 Consumer Staples Index – a capitalization-weighted index that is composed of those companies included in the S&P 500 that are classified as members of the consumer staples sector based on GICS® classification.

S&P 500 Health Care Index – a capitalization-weighted index that is composed of those companies included in the S&P 500 that are classified as members of the health care sector based on GICS® classification.

S&P 500 Real Estate Index – a capitalization-weighted index that is composed of those companies included in the S&P 500 that are classified as members of the real estate sector based on GICS® classification.

The HFRI Fund Weighted Composite Index which is a global, equal-weighted index of single-manager funds that report to HFR Database.

Constituent funds report monthly net of all fees performance in US Dollar and have a minimum of $50 Million under management or a twelve (12) month track record of active performance.

The HFRI Macro (Total) Index includes managers with a broad range of strategies in which the investment process in predicated on movements in underlying economic variables and the impact these have on equity, fixed income, hard currency, and commodities markets.

Investing in commodities is speculative and involves a high degree of rise and not suitable for all investors.

Hedge funds often engage in leveraging and speculative investment practices that may increase the risk of investment loss, can be highly illiquid, and are not required to provide periodic pricing or valuation information to investors.

Hedge funds may involve complex tax structures and delays in distributing tax information. Hedge funds are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds and often charge higher fees.   Investing in commodities is speculative and involves a high degree of risk and not suitable for all investors. You could lose all or a substantial portion of your investment.

The  Morningstar LSTA Leveraged Loan Index is a service mark of Morningstar, Inc. and has been licensed for certain purposes by Truist Bank. Morningstar and the Loan Syndications and Trading Association

(LSTA) do not guarantee the accuracy and/or completeness of the Truist or any data included therein and shall have no liability for the use of such data.

Alternative strategies are not suitable for all investors. Many alternative strategies use sophisticated and aggressive techniques. Certain alternative strategies may be tied to hard assets such as commodities, currencies and real estate and may be subject to greater volatility as they may be affected by overall market movements, changes in interest rates of factors affecting a particular or currency, and international economic, political, and regulatory developments.

Investing in commodities is speculative and involves a high degree of risk and not suitable for all investors.

©2025 Truist Financial Corporation. Truist®, the Truist logo, and Truist purple are service marks of Truist Financial Corporation. All rights reserved.

CN:2025-7602085.1 EXP 02-2026

The carousel of tariffs

Several years ago, we coined a term the carousel of concerns to describe a rotating cycle of market concerns, where one worry fades and another takes its place. In the current environment, this slogan can be updated to the carousel of tariffs. Indeed, in the first few weeks of the new presidential administration, we have seen tariff threats first on Colombia, then on Canada, Mexico, and implemented on China. Europe, too, is likely to be drawn into this cycle eventually. 

While the day-to-day news around tariffs may appear chaotic, U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent outlined three specific ways to think about tariffs:

1) As a remedy for unfair trade practices by specific industries or countries, such as steel or China.

2) As a revenue source for the federal budget.

3) As a negotiation tool with countries, like Mexico and Canda, on issues such as the fentanyl crisis and border security.

Recent events involving Colombia, Mexico, and Canada largely fall into the third category, as tariffs are being used to compel extra concessions around immigration and drug enforcement. Therefore, it is unsurprising to see President Trump delaying implementation of the tariffs on Mexico and Canada as concessions from these countries are made.

However, the recently implemented tariffs on China, which began at 10%, are likely to be more enduring and may rise. These tariffs address trade imbalances and align with promises made on the campaign trail. Still, Chinese stocks

initially traded up on the news, as investors were braced for a more draconian outcome (with tariffs as high as 60%).

The primary market uptrend remains intact, but the latest tariff developments underscore the potential for disruptions and broken pieces, as we anticipated in our 2025 outlook.

Staying grounded amid the noise

Importantly, despite the onslaught of news and sharp intraday swings, markets have, so far, taken tariff news in stride. After a very strong 2024, stocks added to their gains in January and are holding onto much of those gains early into February. Moreover, we are seeing a much more balanced performance from global equity markets, and 10 of the 11 U.S. large cap sectors are up this year.

Indeed, our “Bull in a china shop” outlook title remains fitting. The primary market uptrend remains intact, but the latest tariff developments underscore the potential for disruptions and broken pieces that we expected to be part of the investment narrative in 2025.

In the past few weeks, we saw disruptions from an unexpected source—a focus on China’s DeepSeek artificial intelligence model—while this most recent disruption driven by tariffs was highly visible coming into the year. With stocks not far from all-time highs and after a strong January, it’s premature to say this current setback presents a great buying opportunity.

The news flow out of Washington is set to continue at a heightened pace. Meanwhile, it is easy for investors to feel whipsawed with an urge to react to each new headline. In such an environment, our investment philosophy, which has a focus on staying anchored to the primary trend, filtering out the noise, but also keeping an open mind and following the weight of the evidence, will have added importance.

Our team’s core view is the U.S. economy should remain resilient and grow near 2.5% in 2025 driven by consumer spending. While risks remain—such as inflation and tariffs—the U.S. economy’s adaptability should not be underestimated. The economy has demonstrated remarkable resilience and dynamism, weathering a once-in-a-generation pandemic, the highest inflation since the 1970s, and the fastest Federal Reserve (Fed) rate hiking cycle in decades.

Further, from a global standpoint, the lagged impact of the most aggressive global central bank easing cycle since the pandemic should provide a buffer to the tariff uncertainty. Additionally, a potential pickup in Chinese stimulus and a post-election rise in fiscal spending from Germany may contribute to further stabilization.

From a stock market perspective, rising S&P 500 forward earnings estimates remain a key pillar of market gains. Indeed, while investors' views of economic growth, inflation, and political outcomes have vacillated over recent years, the path of corporate earnings has been remarkably resilient. With market valuations elevated, our base case is that Corporate America will deliver once again in 2025, sustaining the bull market. The current earnings season has been solid, with 79% of S&P 500 companies reporting beating consensus earnings estimates—and exceeding those estimates by an average of 6%.

Positioning amid disruptions

As we await tactical opportunities, we maintain our long-standing U.S. equity bias relative to international markets, given stronger economic and earnings trends. Further, U.S. dollar strength, which we expect to persist, has historically correlated with U.S. stock market outperformance.

A key positive for international markets is that a lot of bad news is already reflected in markets. Recent improvements in price action and a rebound from deeply oversold conditions, similar to what occurred following

the 2016 election, is encouraging. To become more constructive on these markets longer term, however, we are monitoring improved earnings trends as well as a turn in the U.S. dollar.

We are sticking with U.S. large caps relative to small caps. Despite their exposure to international markets, large caps benefit from stronger balance sheets and have more levers to pull to manage through challenging periods. We also still prefer mid caps to small caps given their stronger financial footing and better earnings trends.

From a fixed income perspective, we maintain our focus on higher quality. We are currently seeing tension between the potential of higher inflation offset by a flight to quality in the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield.

We also see diversification benefits in holding a modest position in gold given rising geopolitical uncertainties and central bank buying.

For qualified investors, an allocation to alternative strategies, such as hedge funds, also has the potential to smooth out the bumpier ride that we expect continues and allows investors to embrace wider policy outcomes.

As always, we will continue to follow the weight of the evidence and keep you informed as our views evolve.

Our full report is reserved for clients only. Let’s work together.

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